Generally in Fused Deposition modeling the component is manufactured using the concept of rapid prototyping and Layer by layer deposition of the material which is done by sending the data into the software of the machine using a Stereo lithography (.STL) file format made by using Modeling software (CAD). Finally we summarize the current and future applications of 4D printing.ģD printing is one of the most important technological advancement in Additive manufacturing which has been Implemented and recognized as a part of modern industry as it has many advantages over conventional approach of which one of the most important factor which is time. The basic principle of 4D printing with multi material structure is to create precisely controlled localized internal stress with in a printed construct, which upon subsequent stress release can undergo further 3D shape shifting in a predictable manner In this review, we look into the main factors composing 4D printing technology such as smart materials and design. recently, rapid advances in printing process and materials development for 3D printing have allowed the printing of smart materials or multi-materials designed to change function or shape. In this context ,although similar to 3D Printing technology,4D printing technology adds the fourth dimension of time.4D printing allows a printed structure to change its form or function in time and response to stimuli such as pressure, temperature, wind, water and light. With a great potential to change everything from our daily lives to the global economy, significant advances in 3D printing technology have been made with respect to materials, printers and processes. This paper include discussion of additive manufacturing processes and their implementation, as well as an analysis of how this manufacturing process used Along with materials.ĭ Printing has been recognized as a disruptive technology for future advanced manufacturing system. The challenge for a designer is to use additive manufacturing's special features in the production process to bring value to a product for both the manufacturer and the end customer. The methods are relatively unrestrictive in terms of material form. Industry 4.0, the most recent technological development, combines smart production processes with advanced information technology. This technology has given designers a lot of leeway when it comes to designing dynamic materials, easily customized objects, and waste minimization. This technology has given designers a lot of leeway when it comes to designing sophisticated materials, easily customized goods, and even e-commerce websites. It's a cyclic manufacturing technique that uses a 3D CAD model to create three-dimensional structures layer by layer. In architecture, processing, and delivery to endusers, additive manufacturing (AM) or three-dimensional (3D) printing has implemented a novel development process. In this review paper, we focus on the current applications of 3D, 4D and 5D printing and detailed case study is summarized. In 5D printing technology, the curved complex surfaces can be produced and its applications are mainly used in different fields like biomedical, automobile and aerospace components. 5D printing is3 to 4 times stronger than 3D and 4D printing. The concept behind 5 dimensional additive manufacturing is rotation of extruder head and rotation of print bed in order to print in 5 different axes. Recent manufacturing industries focus on 4D and 5D printing due to more advantages in present technology. These drawbacks of 4D printing can be overcome by 5D printing. The drawback of 4D printing is not able to print complex shapes having curved surface. It is applicable in all fields like fashion, medical fields, and automobile, industrial polymer components. In this technology, smart materials are incorporated because the 4 th dimension is time and it has self-repair, self-assembly and it will save 70% to 90% of printing time. In February 2013, Skylar Tibbits has invented 4D printing. These drawbacks of 3D printing can be overcome by 4D printing. 3D printing requires lot of time to print the components and slow in process which is negative impact on this technology. It has three dimensional x, y and z axis. In 3D printing works on stereo lithographic process. 3D printing is an additive process which was invented by Japanese researcher Hideo Kodama in 1981.
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